Herschel telescope obtains images of ‘whirlpool galaxy’ as first analysis observation

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The Herschel Space Observatory has snapped its first picture since blasting into space on 14^th May, 2009. The mission, led by the European Space Agency (ESA) with chief participation from NASA, will use infrared light to explore our cosmic roots, addressing questions of how stars and galaxies are born.

The new "sneak preview" image was taken in an early attempt to demonstrate that Herschel works, in particular, that its telescope is focused and properly aligned with the science instruments, and to whet our appetites for what's yet to come. It displays the Whirlpool galaxy, which lies relatively nearby, about 35 million light-years away, in the constellation Canes Venatici.

The galaxy was first observed by Charles Messier in 1773, he gave the beauty its official name of Messier 51. Back then, astronomers, including William Herschel, the observatory's namesake, catalogued objects like these as fuzzy nebulae without knowing their exact nature. Later, Messier 51 became one of the first of these fuzzy objects observed to have a spiral structure, a result that eventually led to the revelation that galaxies full of stars exist far from their own.

The image is a composite of infrared light captured by means of

Herschel's Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer at three wavelengths: 70, 100 and 160 microns. Herschel's full wavelength range spans from 55 to 672 microns. The blue and white areas show where stars are actively forming, while the brown regions contain cold dust and the brightest blue dot at top left is a smaller, companion galaxy.

Longer-wavelength light inherently does not create pictures with resolution as high as those obtained at shorter wavelengths, such as visible light. Because Herschel's mirror is the biggest infrared astronomy mirror ever launched in space (3.5 meters, or about 11.5 feet across), it can take the sharpest pictures to date at the particular wavelengths it observes.

During its primary mission phase, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, also a space-based infrared telescope could see shorter-wavelength light, with wavelengths ranging from 3.6 to 160 microns. Since the two telescopes are able to see, for the most part, different wavelengths of light, their results complement each other, highlighting the multifaceted features of cosmic objects. Spitzer's shorter-wavelength infrared view of the Whirlpool galaxy, in comparison to a visible-light seen in Spitzer Space Telescope image gallery.

Herschel is in the last stretches of its journey to the second Lagrange point of the Earth-sun system. The observatory will spend its lifetime, estimated to be a minimum of three-and-a-half-years, orbiting this point, which is about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 miles) from Earth on the opposite side of our planet from the sun. After a cover protecting the telescope's instruments was popped open on 14^th June, engineers and scientists commanded the telescope to take its first test picture. The telescope is still being commissioned, with science observations estimated to begin after this year.